Topic category: Other/General
Global Warming Redux
Paleo-climate clues to today's climate change
Who decides which is the "correct" global temperature? That is: radical environmentalists claim that the CO2 released into the atmosphere by our techno-industrial society has caused the global climate to warm, thereby portending catastrophic consequences for us all. Yet, over the eons, absent homo sapiens, Mother Earth has experienced wide swings in temperature. For example: except for a few short cold-spells, the period between about 3.0 billion and 40 million years ago found both poles ice-free. (See Fig 1, below) Then, about 40 million years ago, temperatures plunged into an unexplained cold-snap that has continued until today, culminating in the last couple of million years - the Pleistocene Epoch - in the regular advance and retreat of the great polar ice-sheets (See Fig 2 below).
Historically, closer to home, during the pre-industrial era, paleoclimatologists have identified four distinct climatic periods: the Roman Warm (circa the 1st to 5th centuries), the Dark Ages Cold (circa the 5th to 8th centuries), the Medieval Warm (circa the 10th to 14th centuries), and the Little Ice Age (circa the 16th to 19th centuries). Each of these periods exhibited temperatures a degree or 2° C above or below the current period. Therefore, one might ask:
In the mid-1990s, the idea that the climate sometimes changes suddenly and dramatically generated a new field of study: "RCCEs" ("Rapid Climate Change Events"). Both the beginning and the end of the "Younger Dryas" are RCCEs (See Fig. 4, below) For many more RCCEs, find the Greenland Ice Sheet Project Two (GISP2) and the Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP).
Or, for starters, you might hit: Abrupt increase in Greenland snow accumulation at the end of the Younger Dryas event, published in, Nature, 1993 - (362: 527-529), by Alley, Meese, Shuman, Gow, Taylor, Grootes, White, Ram, Waddington, Mayewski, and Zielinski.
Or, for a quick overview, see Earth's Climatic History: The Last 2,000,000 Years, from the Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change - (www.co2science.org), which relates:
All charts below come from J. D. Macdougal's, Frozen Planet, the Once and Future Story of Ice Ages, University of California Press, 2004.
Periods of Significant Global Ice Coverage |
In Figure 1 above, the spaces between vertical lines represent periods during which both poles remained ice free. The vertical lines approximate the times at which previous ice-age events might have occurred, and the height of the lines approximates the intensity of these events. One current theory holds that, during the "Snowball Earth" Period, on more than one occasion, ice might have covered the entire planet.
Global Temperature Change, Past 70 million Years From Deep Sea Core Analyses |
Figure 2 was constructed from data collected from the isotope oxygen analyses of fossils recovered from deep-sea coring. The sharp drop at the right denotes the Pleistocene Epoch, the last few million years during which the advance and retreat of the ice sheets have occurred.
Global Temperature Change, Past 600 Thousand Years From Deep Sea Core Analyses |
Figure 3 was derived from oxygen isotope analysis of deep-sea cores. Note the valleys, the coldest years, occur at about 100,000 year intervals, and the peaks, the warm spells, like the one we're in now, do not last long - perhaps ten or fifteen thousand years. The last ice-sheet began retreating about 11,000 years ago. Thus, if the pattern holds, you might want to start looking at Florida property.
Global Temperature Change, "Younger Dryas" Period From Central Greenland Ice Core Analyses |
Figure 4 was constructed from data collected from central-Greenland icecores as published by P. M. Grootes and M. Stuiver in Journal of Geophysical Research 102 (1997): 26455.
Note the dramatic drop in temperatures at the start of the Younger Dryas followed about 1,200 years later by a sudden rise that the data suggest was 8° Centigrade in less than a decade!
Point: Until we understand events like the Younger Dryas, does anyone out there seriously believe that we ought to throw in with Al "I-am-NOT-crazy" Gore and board up the factories?
Bernard Switalski
Biography - Bernard Switalski
Graduated high school, 1953. U.S. Army lab technician, Bell Telephone Labs guided missile R&D, White Sands Proving Ground, NM, 1954-1957. Railroad freight conductor, Chicago, 1958-1963. Petroleum products quality/quantity surveyor, mostly in Venezuela, 1964-1965. Blast furnace foreman, Chicago,1966-1968. After that damn blast furnace put me in the ER, got into the heavy industrial construction industry, 1969. First job, laborer. Last job, general construction superintendent, contracted by a Spanish consortium to oversee the construction of a 4 billion dollar grassroots petroleum refinery in Sumatra. Retired, 1986. Somewhere in there, picked up a BA in philosophy. Traveled a lot. As old Cap'n Bill Jensen used to say back there on the Orinoco, "Been round the world two dozen times, first time in a baby buggy, twice in a submarine." Jigged for cod from a dory off Newfoundland; ran like a sissy from an irate cobra in Brunei. Met lots of good people along the way. Switalski died, April 13, 2009 in Riverdale, Illinois.